Monday, February 18, 2013

The Lamassu


I was lucky enough to visit the British Museum last year.  My visit was on a Friday night, about an hour before closing, when it had that magic-twilight empty “night at the museum” quality.  

Friday night in Assyria
In the fabulous Assyrian collection is the lamassu, a winged, human-headed lion. He guarded the entrances into the throne room of King Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC).  Lamassus also guarded the gates of cities. According to the British Museum, “The helmet with horns indicates the creature's divinity.”

The museum also has relief panels in its Ninevah room showing the transport of lamassu sculptures. According to the Museum, these guys weighed up to 30 tons. You think they would have carved them in place, but maybe the king didn’t like the hammering.

Their most interesting feature, and one I completely failed to notice, is that lamassus all have five legs. From the front, they appear to be standing firm and protecting the gates, and from the side, striding forward, going forth to protect the city.
Photo from the British Museum -
count the feet!

I wonder how this came about? A mistake? Two sculptures seem from an angle that gave someone a great idea?  Or just one visionary sculptor?  If ever you feel like a fifth wheel, remember lamassu guarding the king from the demons of chaos, and take heart. You’re in good company.  

If you want to read more, here is the British Museum’s  description of the lamassu.

Saturday, February 2, 2013

The pleasures of reading in the original



Some of the reasons reading in the original language is so pleasant (aside from the bragging rights):
Connotations: some words don’t have equivalent English word clouds. “Priscus” in Latin means ancient, but also carries the sense of something venerable, noble and pious.  It’s an upright kind of word, and to my ear, distinctly Roman praise. For fun, compare and contrast our use of "gravitas."

Structure: Latin is the obvious example because it has no articles, and doesn't truck much with pronouns or prepositions; it’s all about construction of beautiful clauses.

Hebrew has some flexibility of word order and also has a direct object marker which is attached to definite objects. When God addresses Abraham in Genesis 22 and says, “Abraham, please, could you take (direct object) your son…(direct object) your only one …(sub-clause) whom you love…(direct object) Isaac… ” it does seem a little wordy. God knows perfectly well who Isaac is without all the qualifiers; he was there for the conception.

And then: “... and bring him up as a sacrifice on a mountain.”  Wait, what?  But Abraham just packs his wood and saddles up his donkey. It's the same story, but with a slightly different rhythm.

Speed:  translation slows you down. Especially reading the classics which, let’s face it, you've read in English so many times you can pretty much skim. Moses and the plagues: “and God said,  ‘locusts’ and boom! there were locusts but, still, the Pharaoh wouldn't let the people go, and so on."  

“So Moses held out his rod over the land of Egypt and the Eternal drove an east wind over the land all that day and all night; and when morning came, the east wind had brought the locusts.”

The Hebrew does have some “creation / let there be” elements:  the day and the night, the wind and the morning. But it’s not so much the words that strike me as the detail of that wind that blows all day and night. Whether it makes you think of sky deities or Stephen King, it’s creepy.  And easy to miss if you are breezing (I said it) through the English.

In reading Exodus, with its page after page of wonders, and incident after incident of “murmurings”, (the Israelites doubting Moses) you really start to wonder if the Israelites are...well...idiots. Hey, Israelites, remember the manna? Look at the page across from this one you're on--it's right there.  But then, remember that thing you read yesterday, how cool it was, and how you couldn't see how anyone could ever be bored in this world? And then today, when you could hardly get out of bed? The Israelites had a point: given any length of time, even a page or two, the universe can seem pretty fickle.